WordPress uses a database that has authentication. When a user registers or logs into your website they are authenticating/connecting to your WordPress database. A user could be sent/redirected to the default WordPress /wp-admin/profile.php page on successful login or somewhere else. Usually that is handled by your Theme. WordPress uses User Roles: Administrator, Editor, Author, Contributor and Subscriber. Only an Administrator User Role can access all of the WordPress Dashboard panels. The other User Roles can access various things in your WordPress Dashboard. A Subscriber can only see their Profile and your main Dashboard page and does not have access to any other WordPress Dashboard panels.
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