http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1, proxy2
The Plugin Firewall has additional whitelist tools so that you can add and whitelist multiple IP addresses. Click on the Additional Whitelist Tools accordion tab, use the “Allow from” Whitelist rules tool, enter: Allow from 10.168. (or you may need to enter Allow from 10. if the IP address changes frequently or there is a large pool of IP addresses), click the Save Additional Allow from Rules button, click the Firewall Whitelist Tools accordion tab, click the Save Whitelist Data button, click the Create Firewall Master File button, select the Plugin Firewall BulletProof Mode Radio button and activate the Plugin Firewall again.
I Googled around and did not find any search results for Jetpack X-Forwarded-For so most likely there is not a problem with this. So the chances are good that Jetpack will be able to connect successfully once you whitelist your 10. Private IP address.